Seongsan Ilchulbong Tuff Cone Natural Reserve, Jeju

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Seongsan Ilchulbong is undoubtedly Jeju’s premier attraction and is a tuff cone formed by a volcanic eruption under the sea. The island, formed by magma layering and subsequent erosion by seawater, has steep cliffs on three sides, offering visible cross-sections of the geological layers. Originally separate from Jeju, the island became connected to the main island through the accumulation of sand and gravel carried by rivers. The name "Seongsan" means "Mountain Fortress" due to its grand appearance like a massive fortress rising from the sea, while "Ilchulbong" means "Sunrise Peak," highlighting the spectacular sunrise views from its summit. The crater at the summit spans about 80,000 pyeong (approximately 264,000 square meters) and is surrounded by 99 sharp rocks. The Seongsan Ilchulbong Natural Protected Area preserves the unique topography, geology, and landscape of Ilchulbong and the surrounding 1 km of coastal vegetation, which exemplifies Korea's marine biodiversity. The area is particularly notable as the origin of several Korean endemic and newly discovered seaweed species, leading to its designation as a Natural Monument and its protected status. The view from the summit encompasses Seongsan Village, the sea, Udo Island, and numerous small parasitic cones, offering breathtaking scenery. It takes about 25 minutes to reach the summit from the ticket office, with a moderately steep incline, so a leisurely pace is recommended. The sunrise from Seongsan Ilchulbong has been famous since ancient times, and every year on December 31st, the Jeju Seongsan Ilchul Festival is held to welcome the new year.